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EHP
News October 2002
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INDIA:
IMPROVING CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN URBAN SLUMS
In the largest cities in India, 40-60% of
the population lives in slums or squatter settlements. Working with USAID/India,
EHP has developed an action plan for a five-year urban health program. The
goal of the India Urban Health Program is to bring about sustained
improvement in child health in urban slums in selected cities, focusing on
diarrheal disease reduction and improving neonatal survival.
Two cities, Indore and Jamshedpur, have
been identified to implement the India Urban Health program. Approaches
include a situation analysis and data compilation, development of
partnerships and coalitions, capacity building of NGOs, CBOs and public and
private health care providers, implementation of services utilizing
partnership models, a knowledge inventory of available urban slum child
health data for information sharing and multi-level advocacy activities.
To date, EHP has hired a local urban
health program director, established an office in Delhi, carried out
consultative stakeholder workshops in Indore to identify partners, conducted
health vulnerability assessments for priority intervention zones and created
a local consultant base for program implementation.
For information on the activity,
please contact Sarah Fry at [email protected]
or Dr. Siddharth at [email protected].
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HYGIENE
PROMOTION IN THE LATIN AMERICA CARIBBEAN REGION
In collaboration with PAHO, Ministries of
Health, and PVO and NGO partners, USAID has launched a behavior change for
hygiene improvement activity in two countries in the Latin America Caribbean
region.
Under this activity, the USAID-funded EHP
provides assistance in training and materials development to NGO partners
working in high diarrheal disease incidence districts in Nicaragua and Peru.
The activity highlights the expanding focus of Integrated Management of
Childhood Illness (IMCI) from a facility-based approach to community-based
IMCI (C-IMCI), emphasizing community and household practices and
preventative behaviors at the household and community level.
The strategy is modeled after a successful
approach used by EHP in the Dominican Republic to develop and field test a
C-IMCI module integrating hygiene behavior change into existing C-IMCI
modules in diarrheal disease prevention.
For more information on this activity,
please contact Lisa Nichols at [email protected].
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MALARIA
CONTROL IN ERITREA
Almost 67% of the resident population of Eritrea lives in
malaria endemic areas. Malaria accounts for over 30% of the total outpatient
morbidity in Eritrea, and an estimated 28% of all hospital admissions are
malaria related.
The government of Eritrea has a strong commitment to
malaria control, and through USAID/Eritrea, EHP is providing technical
support to the Eritrea National Malaria Control Program (NMCP). To better
guide decisions on vector control programs, the NMCP initiated a series of
studies.
Two studies, one examining the factors responsible for
larval production, such as spatial patterns of anopheline species and larval
ecology, and the other evaluating the efficacy of two alternative bacterial
larvicides have been completed. The reports are now available from EHP (see
“New EHP Publications” below).
For information about malaria control
in Eritrea, please contact Gene Brantly at [email protected].
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THE
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: INTEGRATING HYGIENE IMPROVEMENT INTO PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, USAID is supporting a
range of integrated activities within SANRU III, which is a five-year, $25
million, rural primary health-care project that operates in 63 health zones.
EHP has conducted training of zonal water and sanitation
coordinators, and a two-year action plan to integrate hygiene improvement
into the water and sanitation component of SANRU III also has been
completed. Other activities include formative research to identify high-risk
hygiene behaviors and develop a behavior change communication strategy and
the training of health center nurses to provide hygiene improvement messages
that promote child health. Improving hygiene behavior at the household level
will be a core component of the project’s community-based integrated
management of childhood illness (C-IMCI) framework.
For more information on these
activities, please contact Fred Rosensweig at [email protected].
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INTEGRATING
HEALTH, POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT IN MADAGASCAR
Since 2000, EHP has been supporting a four-year program in
Madagascar that links and integrates activities related to health,
population and environment (H-P-E).
Voahary Salama or Integrated Programs Initiative (VS/IPI),
a consortium of 20 partners in Madagascar that EHP helped to coordinate,
implements the program. The partnership includes USAID/Madagascar, seven
NGOs, a Malagasy foundation funded by the Summit Foundation and 12 other
organizations, including several USAID-funded projects, which provide
funding, technical assistance and implementation support.
VS/IPI aims to strengthen the capacity of NGO partner
organizations in developing and testing model approaches for integrating
H-P-E programs, evaluating effectiveness and synergies created by different
integration models, disseminating lessons learned, and replicating best
practices in integrated approaches locally, nationally and internationally.
To date, a survey has been conducted to provide
information for designing integrated approaches and to serve as a baseline
for evaluating program effectiveness over time. Moreover, VS/IPI partners,
including EHP, have developed and implemented key social marketing and
capacity-building approaches and materials for integrating activities at the
community and program levels.
A mid-term report highlighting the above and other key
achievements in the first two years of the activity, 1999-2001, is now
available from EHP (see “New EHP Publications” below).
For information on this activity,
please contact Eckhard Kleinau at [email protected].
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OUTCOMES
FROM THE WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was
held August 26-September 4 in Johannesburg, South Africa. The WSSD is a
ten-year revisiting of the Agenda 21 Agreement reached during the 1992 UN
Rio Earth Summit. The WSSD is seeking to reinvigorate, at the highest
political level, the global commitment to sustainable development and its
implementation at the local, regional, national and international levels.
Participants were governments, multilateral financial institutions, United
Nations agencies, citizen groups, business and industry, environmental
organizations and others.
At the request of the White House, USAID conducted the
first-ever comprehensive survey of sustainable development activities by
U.S. agencies and departments. Findings revealed that over 20 Agencies were
actively involved in a full range of development assistance efforts. More
than 400 on-the-ground initiatives were identified and entered into a fully
searchable database and a comprehensive compendium. These findings are
summarized in the USAID report: “Working for a Sustainable World: U.S.
Government Initiatives to Promote Sustainable Development.”
At WSSD, USAID emphasized partnerships between
governments, NGOs and private sector entities as a key role in developing a
continuing focus on sustainable development. These partnerships will be
focused on key initiatives to:
- reduce the number of people living without safe
drinking water
- enhance access to clean energy
- reduce hunger and increase agricultural productivity
- ensure universal access to basic education
- stem AIDS and reduce tuberculosis and malaria
- manage and conserve forests and oceans.
Information on the conference outcomes
can be accessed at www.usaid.gov/about/wssd.
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NEW
EHP PUBLICATIONS!
ACTIVITY REPORT 111. MALARIA VECTOR
STUDIES IN ERITREA
In Eritrea, larval control is implemented as part of an
integrated approach to malaria control. Although malaria remains a major
cause of mortality in Eritrea, little is known about the Anopheles mosquito
species responsible for malaria transmission. Since each mosquito species
has a limited geographical range, understanding ecological diversity and
biotic interactions is critical in determining how vector populations are
structured.
For larval control to be an integral part of a vector
management program, a sound understanding of the factors responsible for
larval production is crucial. On this basis, studies were initiated on the
spatial patterns of anopheline species and larval ecology in Eritrea with
the overall goal of providing insights into the bionomics of malaria
parasite vectors.
A 1.33 MB PDF version of the report is now available at http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Activity_Reports/AR111-EERMalVctStdFINAL.pdf
For more information or a hard copy of the
report, contact [email protected].
ACTIVITY REPORT 112. ERITREA FIELD
STUDIES ON EFFICACY OF BACTERIAL LARVICIDES FOR USE IN MALARIA CONTROL
There is renewed interest in examining larval control as a
potentially critical component of the integrated vector management program
in Eritrea. The semi-arid climatic conditions, the seasonal incidence of
malaria and the isolation of towns and villages in the country make larval
control an ideal option for reducing the burden of malaria in Eritrea.
If chemical larvicides were used intensively, resistance
to these compounds might develop. Chemical larvicides also may create
environmental problems. To meet the challenges of vector resistance to
chemical larvicides, in addition to environmental safety, two alternative
bacterial larvicides for use in malaria control were evaluated.
A 321 KB PDF version of the report is available at http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Activity_Reports/AR112-ERVectCntrlStdiesFINAL.pdf
For more information or a hard copy of the
report, contact [email protected].
ACTIVITY REPORT 115. INTEGRATION OF
HEALTH, POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS IN MADAGASCAR
Since 2000, EHP has been supporting a four-year program in
Madagascar that links and integrates activities related to health,
population and environment.
This report summarizes progress and highlights key
achievements from 1999-2001 in planning and implementing the program.
A 2.12 MB PDF version of the report is available at http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Activity_Reports/AR115-Madasgar.pdf
For more information or a hard copy of the
report, contact [email protected].
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Previous
Issues
The main topics or countries
discussed are given in parentheses.
September
2002 (West Africa Environmental Health Assessment, Dissemination
Workshop on Latin America Small Town's Sanitation,
Ghana Urban Health Assessment, News from BBIN Network, Honduras)
August
2002 (Improving
the Early Warning Report System in Nepal, Assessing Sanitation Policies,
Post-Mitch Activities in Nicaragua, African Sanitation and Hygiene
Conference)
June
2002 (West
Bank Environmental Health Assessment, New Publications)
March
2002
(E-Conference on Hygiene Improvement Framework, Latin America
and the Caribbean, Larva Control, Nicaragua, Africa Malaria Day)
January 2002
(New EHP Director; Benin; Monitoring Water, Sanitation, and
Hygiene Activities; Malaria and Vector Control)
November
2001 (EHP Handwashing Publication, West Bank, Asia
and the Near East, PAHO–EHP Partnership)
October
2001 (Benin, Sustainable Sanitation in Small Towns,
DR Congo, Peru Behavior Change)
August 2001 (India,
Eritrea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, BBIN Network, information
exchange network)
June 2001 (Mozambique,
Madagascar, Nepal, Dominican Republic, indoor air pollution consultation,
Nairobi SIMA Conference)
May
2001 (Central America handwashing initiative, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Nepal, Bolivia)
March
2001 (Nicaragua,
Madagascar, Africa, DDT cost comparison)
January
2001 (EHP Activities, E-Newsletter,
National Malaria Control Programs in 4 African Countries, Congo,
Decentralization in Latin America, Peru, WSSCC Forum, Global WS&S
Assessment from WHO/UNICEF)
November 2000
(Nicaragua,
Dominican Republic, Madagascar, SANICONN)
September
2000 (Nepal/Regional, EHP and
E-conferences)
July 2000 (Nicaragua,
Malaria Vaccine Development, "Water for the World")
May–June
2000 (Nicaragua, International
Consultation on Indoor Air Pollution)
April
2000 (Nicaragua, Madagascar,
Mozambique)
March
2000 (Benin, South Africa, Eritrea,
Madagascar)
February
2000 (Nicaragua, Paraguay, Ukraine,
Mozambique and Eritrea)
January
2000 (Nicaragua, EHP Lessons Learned)
Previous
Issues by Country
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